New sequencing technologies

The sequencing method pioneered by Fred Sanger in the 1970s has been the major method used to sequence DNA for thirty years. However, new methods of sequencing have started to emerge. With these new technologies, centres like the Sanger Institute will be able to generate thousands of millions of DNA letters per day, rather than the current output of one hundred million per day.

This avalanche of DNA data is expected to drive new explorations of human disease. Researchers who study disease-causing organisms (pathogens) will use high-speed sequencing to differentiate between strains, trace transmission routes and recognise responses to vaccination. Other researchers, who study complex diseases such as cancer and diabetes, are interested in the possibility of cataloguing changes throughout the genomes of a vast number of patient samples.

However, the sequencing data presents a different set of challenges. Huge datasets require new IT infrastructure and added detail to make them accessible and useful. The race has begun.